History of The First Congregational Church of Chicago:
A union of:
First Congregatioanal organized in1851, Tabernacle Church organized in 1857, Union Park Church organized in 1860, Leavill Street Church and Bethany Church orginized in 1868.
Our History
The “First
Congregational Church of Chicago” was established in 1851 when forty eight
members of the Third Presbyterian Church broke membership with it because of
feelings “against the sin of slavery” and united to create a new church. This
group had a great sense of responsibility toward the fellow man hence its
history contains a rich record in social action.
Its
founder, Philo Carpenter, who came to Chicago in 1832, was the first apothecary
in Chicago and a very prominent person in the city’s history for his
participation in Chicago’s first Board of education, for being one of the
founders of Chicago’s Theological Seminary and one of the persons who helped in
the formation of the First Presbyterian Church in 1833 and the Third
Presbyterian Church in 1847.
Looking at
history in the 1800’s, in the slavery years, the Church served as a sanctuary
that received and protected slaves when they were secretly taken to their
freedom. In the 1870’s its building was
used to provide offices for Chicago’s
City Hall after the Great Fire. At the same time, the building and its members
provide food, clothes and room for the fire’s victims who had lost everything.
During Civil War time, the Church’s pastor served in a special embassy with
President Lincoln, which is thought that helped the process towards the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Chicago’s First
Congregational Church, in its ministry toward and for the fellow man, with a
great work spirit, starts founding several missions in other city locations
when its population was growing. All of them were created with the purpose of
serving others. During 1856-1868 the Church forms six missions, one after the
other. Some of these were “Edwards Chapel”, 1856; one that later became “Tabernacle Church”,
1857; “Union Park
Church”, 1860; “Bethany Church” and “Leavitt Street Church”
in 1868. All of these missions grew rapidly with a feeling of “the Church and
society”. At the same time these had been formed with a vision towards
self-sufficiency and not with a perpetual economic dependency of its mother
Church.
In 1911,
the Church suffers a fire that severely destroys the temple and unites with the
“Union Park” Church, one of its missions, which
had greatly grown in membership and had built a cathedral like temple that
provided enough space for all its 1380 members. Today that structure is located
at the Ashland and Washington corner. It is important to point
that Chicago’s
First Congregational Church had been victim of two additional fires, one in
1851 and other in 1873, which destroyed its worship temple that had been
dedicated in 1870 and had cost $200,000. In interviews with old members of the
Church, it was thought that some of these fires were intentional, started by
people who opposed the Church’s radical position toward slavery.
When they
joined with the “United
Park” Church, the members
decide to rename it “The New First Congregational Church of Chicago”, for its
history. Through the years, two other missions join the congregation; “Leavitt
Street Church” in 1917, for changes in the community and membership decline to
132 persons; and “Bethany Church” by the end of the 1920’s, for similar
reasons. These changes demonstrate the process inside a city that is growing
and the migration of new ethnic groups in the communities surrounding these
missions.
In the
following years the Church makes a change in its own spirituality,
concentrating in its internal program and separating from the radicalism and
social services that make the Church be born and develop. Now its focus turns
to make the Church a meaningful place in Chicago
through eloquent sermons and its music. By 1951, in its centennial anniversary,
people inside the Church notice this change and the one of its community, which
shows them the need to look again towards the future.
The Church,
during these times, faced a new reality in which its community was not only
composed of Anglo-Saxons of high economic class like the Dole or Ford families
but, little by little, it was filling up with Mexican and Puerto Rican
immigrants looking for jobs. Even though these new immigrants were actually
looking for a place to live one or two miles south of the Church’s location
(Ashland and Washington Blvd.), to the other side of what is today the
“Congress Expressway”; many of the Church’s members started moving to the
suburbs. Some of them traveled on Sundays for service but, while the
composition of the community and Church were transforming from a middle class
to a working class, the rest never returned. Today’s and tomorrow’s Church owes
them its economic stability because it was them who contributed donations which
help maintain the building and ministry.
In 1955,
the congregation starts seeing the need to embrace its new community and
conversations start inside Church to develop a new ministry inclusive to
Hispanics, particularly Puerto Ricans. These conversations cause a lot of
tension between those who want to share their ministry with the new immigrants
and those who didn’t. Conversations continue for 10 years and during that time,
even though some victories were gained for the new community, the Church and
its members suffered a lot for the tensions.
In 1957,
for some it was a time for new vision, taking into consideration its community.
During this time, the Community Renewal Society, an organization created in
part by the Church, starts more intentional conversations about the needs that
the Puerto Ricans have, economically and for their ministry. Their purpose was
strengthen the Christian ministry and the Ministers of the Casa Central Evangelical
(that is know today as Casa Central), one of its missions; or better said,
attend the basic needs of the people of this mission and its family. The
program consisted in providing any kind of social services: housing, job,
medical aid, court aid, translators, English courses, help for Public Aid, to
“socially integrate” the newly arrived Puerto Ricans.
In May 14,
1961, the Church employs the casa Central Evangelica director, Rev. Rafael V.
Martinez, native from Cuba, a Presbyterian Church ordained minister, as
associate pastor serving the Hispanic ministry. Summer that year, the Hispanic
mission is invited to move from its place in 1671 Ogden Avenue to the Carpenter
room, on the first floor of the building next to the Church. At summer time are
received, as members of the Church, Rev. Martinez, his wife and Mr. Guillermo
Quiceno who worked as the mission’s Associated Minister. On October of that
same year, the Church signs a deal with the Community Renewal Society to work together
to establish “an effective ministry” that serves the “near west side”
population, already an ethnically diverse community. The purpose of this
ministry was to “liven religious fraternity between people, serve the fellow
man and take the word of God…”
On October
of 1961 it is established that the members of the Hispanic community would have
their own chapel for adoration services and all the rights and duties as member
of the Church.
On November
26, 1961 it is celebrated the welcoming of 53 new Hispanic members to the
Church and a new stage in the Church’s life starts. These join 9 previously
welcomed by summer, with the Church’s and the Renewal Society’s spirit of
“active testimony”. This welcoming is the beginning of what is today Chicago’s First Congregational Church, a Hispanic Church,
which today is located in 1305
Hamlin Avenue in Chicago.
In 1963,
the Church employs Rev, Jose A. Torres, ordained minister by the United
Evangelical Church of Puerto Rico, native to the island, as minister in charge.
This year the Church joins the United Church of Christ and adopts a new
Constitution, starts new programs with the community, joins the civil rights
battle, becomes the center of attention when the black movement brings its
leader, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., to speak at the sanctuary, and joins the
Hispanic congregation to worship together in a bilingual adoration service.
With the
new changes, the Church starts a new attitude inside its ministry which
involves them more directly with social action and launches them in a social
and prophetic ministry. Throughout the years, the Church keeps its religious
programs and its action callings, gets involved in housing matters, adequate
education in the public system, in the unemployment problem, against poverty
and hunger, for a better medical attention, etc.
In 1976, for
changes in the composition in the community that no longer is Hispanic, the
Church makes arrangements to move to the Hispanic community of Humboldt Park. In this process the Church hands
its cathedral building to the Community Renewal Society and gets a building at
the west side of Humboldt
Park. For a few months
celebrates its adoration services and does its programs in a store front on Grand Avenue. It
then moves to a new building at the Hamlin and Potomac
corner.
Always
worried for their Church and community, the Church helps found the Puerto Rican
Cultural Center - “La Escuelita”, an Alternative High School, as a way of
dealing with the high incidence of youth that leave school without graduating.
With the help of people from the community the Church opens the door of the
Betances Clinic on a Church’s room. This clinic provides free medical attention
for the community for some time. Food distribution started for people in need,
summer programs and jobs for the youth, tutoring programs for children during
school year, it continued the Boy Scouts program – Troop 309 (the oldest troop
in Chicago), the program to take children from the city to the Church’s
countryside in Michigan and the English and GED classes.
Chicago’s First
Congregational Church today is one of 6 Hispanic Churches United in Christ. It
serves as center of community life and development for Latin people in Chicago. It has
contributed to the development of various pastors and community leaders. In the
pastoral leadership that has come out of the Church are: Rev. Jorge L. Morales,
Rev. Gilberto Justiniano, Rev. Nidza Lopez and others.
In December
1990, Rev. Jose A. Torres, founder of Chicago’s
First Congregational Church, retired. Rev. Jorge L. Morales, previously founder
of San Lucas Church and director of the Community and Leadership Development
Center was called to
serve as pastor.
We live the
present looking to serve the teachings inherited from our Father, accepting the
cost and joy of the discipleship, transforming our lives in the Church, in our
homes, in our community and in everything we do while we walk towards the
Kingdom of God.
We look to
the future knowing we are people in a process of transformation, responsibly
sharing our talents with love, serving our fellow man, “because to liberty we
have been summoned” (Galatas 5:13).
More to come :